Scott Co, Iowa USGenWeb Project
Richter, August Paul.
Geschlichte der Stadt (English Translation)
Davenport und der County Scott. Davenport, Iowa: 1917
Chapter 52
Several Outlying Davenport Communities
East Davenport, Blackhawk, Northwest Davenport-Characteristic Features.- Good
cohesian with the whole.
A characteristic of
the American, at least in former times, was his great distaste for restriction
of any kind. The frequent neighborhood entertainments of pioneer days and the
use of any opportunity for light or serious discussion show that he did indeed
like some social contact, but for the rest, in his home, he preferred as much
free space as possible. "Expansion" is an individual and national
American characteristic. The desire for it was probably the reason for the
origin of outlying communities near Davenport when there was still much room in
the city. There was also the intention of landowners to increase the value of
their farmland by division into building sites. The constantly rising number of
immigrants promoted this. In the first half of the eighteen fifties there arose
several settlements very near Davenport toward the east, west, and northwest. In
the course of time they were incorporated into the older city.
In the east of A. LeClaire's
reserve, given to him at the close of the Indian treaty of 1832, Wm. H. Hildreth
and Dr. G.W. Witherwax laid out a "city" in the fall of 1851. They
gave it the name of Upper Davenport; later it became East Davenport. This
city was small; on the plat there were only ten city blocks between Eastern and
Summit Avenues, Christie and Eddy Streets. It could expand in all directions,
however, with the exception of the Mississippi side. The location was good on
the broad bulge of the river called "Stubb's Eddy" after Lieutenant
Stubbs, who for many years had lived there in a cave like an isolated hermit. It
was a promising place for a harbor. Besides several residences two grist mills
were built, one by Hildreth and Dallan and other other belonging to a certain
Stephens. The first of these was later turned into a brewery. As an independent
community East Davenport never succeeded, and in 1856 it had itself annexed to
Davenport which was expanding. Hildreth we have mentioned had bought a female
slave in his southern home in 1843. When he later moved to Iowa he brought her
along; she continued to serve the family as a domestic servant. The black woman
did not know her rights; she actually remained a slave, bound to the house and
receiving no wages for her work. This continued until 1865, when the woman had
become old and feeble. In the "good old times" of slavery in the
south, "Old Aunty" would have received sufficient food, but she lived
here in the free north. When she became unfit for duty she became a burden to
her master. One day, after she had perhaps broken a plate, she was ordered by
him "to leave the house immediately and never to appear in the kitchen
again with her accursed black face." The exile was now free and could have
died in her freedom if compassionate people had not supported her. She had
become too old to earn her living. The affair reached the ears of attorney
Alfred Sully, and he took up her cause. He charged her former owner in her name
for payment of wages for her last years of service. Hildreth had to agree; the
black woman also received a little old house to live in from Hildreth and with
the help of some others she was kept from starving to await her death in peace.
East Davenport has long since become a flourishing part
of Davenport. Besides stores many small and several large businesses were built
up, among them machine and wagon works, sawmills, and a brewery. In the process
East Davenport always retained a certain distinction. Long after comfortable
exchange had been achieved by a good street-car line there remained a kind of
neutral ground and an imaginary line of division between it and the old town. A
number of social foci formed in the east, especially for the German population.
Their leader was the German-Bohemian tailor Martin Haberda, considered the
"mayor" of East Davenport. This honorary title justly passed to the
former carpenter and later merchant, Christian Kuehl, after the death of Haberda.
Kuehl represented the sixth ward for many years in the city council and remained
an important figure in city government as an alderman at large elected by all
the citizens of Davenport. Social life was cultivated in a number of societies
and the by the churches. There were one or more associations for the support a
Turner society. Kuehl's Hall and Beckmann's Hall were the homes of these
associations and for many of their social events. A comfortable place to talk,
also for the more honorable Germans of Davenport, was a little garden near
Koehler and Lange's brewery until twenty years ago, with its old shade tree and
a nice view of the river.
On the other side of Davenport
and somewhat west of the city limits lies Blackhawk. Without any definite line
it stretches approximately from the end of Fourth Street along the beautifully
wooded hillside to neighboring Rockingham township. There are countless
magnificent views of the broad Mississippi valley over to the Illinois chain of
hills. In early pioneer times this land had been claimed by several people under
squatter's rights. Among them were the Glaspells, Dr. James Hall, Col. Thomas C.
Eads, Alexander McGregor and others planning an idyllic country life here
besides their other professions. They began to plough and prepare small pieces
of land for agriculture and built pretty homes for themselves. They gave their
places pretty names. McGregor called his "Rose Hill Farm"; the county
sanitarium now stands on its heights. Farm life was probably too difficult in
the woods and on the hills, and one after the other the owners of the land began
to divide it into smaller pieces for sale for good prices. A number of nice
residential sites with a few flat acres about them resulted. At the southern end
of Blackhawk where the pioneer Schmidt family already owned a rather large land
complex, other Germans built on smaller tracts and laid out vineyards. Johann
Christian Friedrich Schmidt was the first viniculturist in Blackhawk. He had
been a teacher in Holstein, coming to Scott county on July 13 of 1847 with the
first great immigration. After he had managed a farm for a time with his oldest
sons in Blue Grass township, he settled in the Blackhawk hills and turned
heavily to viniculture. His five sons did the same, Wilhelm, Carl, August,
Fritz, and Ludwig. Their successes and the wonderful area prompted others to
plant vineyards there too. Among these were Emil Gaisler, Otto Klug, William
Pape, G.P. Ankerson, William Riepe, William Glass- William Steinberg. All
practiced liberal hospitality during visits from fellow songsters; many a
beautiful song rang through those hills. One of Steinberg's friendly invitations
went this way:
On
Blackhawk's green-clad heights,
Where the
breezes cooler blow,
Where
Blackhawk's silver stream
Murmurs from
place to place,
Where
Steinberg's cottage stands,
The flag on
gable waves,
There were
the tired feet
Take rest
with beer and wine-
Yes, in
Blackhawk it is fair,
To
Steinberg's let us go!
The sombre spirit of prohibition has put an end to all
this splendor. It caused the total ruin of viniculture in Iowa in the middle of
the eighties, also in Blackhawk with its wine of prized body and boquet. Many
vines were dug out, others went wild and only a relatively small part of it is
used for wine-making.
Blackhawk has not yet become a real residential part of
the city. Its time will come as certainly as it has for the wooded hills of
erstwhile Camp McClellan and the heights of the upper stream east of Davenport.
It will be nice to live in Blackhawk, one of the most charming of the many
beautiful spots in this area.
A "little Germany" in the
American west could and still can be seen in Northwest Davenport by taking a
walk to this singular part of Davenport. It was much more German than the city
of which it is now suburb to the northwest and from which it was completely
separated for many years by large stretches of fields and brickyards. It formed
a quiet, comfortable community in itself. In the course of the last fifteen or
twenty years this has changed dramatically, but the former character of
Northwest Davenport has remained essentially the same. It makes a free, and
hospitable impression on every visitor.
The founding of this part of the city, which has now
been a part of the old town, with the intervening spaces filled with stately
homes, falls in that time when the Schleswig-Holstein immigration markedly
increased. Holsteiners or their descendants still almost exclusively constitute
its population. For that reason it was named "Hamburg" after the port
of embarkation, and name which is still of this area, laid claim to large tracts
of government land shortly after his arrival in 1835. Several years later he
bought them for the cheap price of $1.25 per acre. A quarter-section, 160 acres,
of this land was divided into building sites in 1853. They found willing buyers,
because they were much cheaper and more healthy than those which were to be had
at the time in lower and west Davenport. Hamburg was originally bounded by
Leonard, Border (Division), Locust and Marquette Streets. In later years it was
enlarged by properties of Harvey Sturdevant, a brother-in-law of Mitchell. The
names of its streets had a good sound, among them Marquette, Washington,
Franklin, Liberty, and Union, as well as streets named after worthy pioneers
Leonard, Mitchell, and Sturdevant. The Mitchell home, surrounded by a large
garden, is still standing in its former old-fashioned splendor. It is the
property of John Lueschen, a successful businessman in Northwest Davenport and
an important landowner.
The social life of German associations and other types
is still flourishing to the extent allowed by repressive state laws. There has
been a Northwest Davenport Turner's Society since 1871 which cultivates physical
and mental exercise, German song and dramatic art. It owns a beautiful, spacious
hall which was built shortly after the first hall burned on July 4, 1882. Next
to it is a pretty garden belonging to the society, in which pleasant folk
festivals are held. In former years there were several other favorite amusement
places. On the southeast corner of old Hamburg there was Washington garden and
catercorner on the northwest corner of the settlement was Peter Jacobsen's
tavern with a small park. Each of these places had a popular stage on which
German comedies and popular plays were performed by talented amateurs. Among the
other societies the Glee Club deserves special mention.
Besides the name of Hamburg Northwest Davenport was
also popularly called "Chawtown." This comes from the time before the
Civil War. A wheelwright by the name of Klindt lived there who attracted the
attention of outsiders mainly by the fact that he chewed a lot of tobacco. He
had a big chaw in his mouth all day; his cheek was stretched out and the front
of his shirt [showed traces of the juice]. The man was called Chaw Klindt...
An interesting institution of old Hamburg which lasted
far into the eighteen seventies was cow-herding. After the free rambling and
grazing of domestic animals on the roads and paths of Davenport itself had been
forbidden, the law was also extended to Northwest Davenport. Almost every family
there had at least one cow. In February of 1872 the Northwest Davenport Cow
Pasturing Society was organized for a cow herd to collect the cows in the
morning and to drive them to fallow land or rented meadows and to bring them
back in the evening. According to the by-laws every member pledged himself to
permit the sale of his best cow if he did not pay his dues on time. No one could
leave the society before the end of the year without presenting a successor. If
a cow was found to have an infectious disease, the owner had to keep her in, but
he had to pay his dues until the end of the year. He could replace her with
another cow, his own or one of his neighbor's. The society had more than forty
members; their regular meetings were held on the last Sunday of February, June,
and October.
Each community needs leaders; the republic of Hamburg
also had its own. They were not official; there was no formal election, but the
authority was in general quite normative. Members of the managing council were
Peter N. Jacobsen, Dr. F.F. Raabe, Henry J. Meyer, Gustav Boeckelmann, Henry and
John H Jebens, John Lueschen, Nik. Albrecht, and others. Jacobsen was considered
top man. He was the "mayor of Hamburg" or "Chawtown".
Peter Nikolai Jacobsen was born on March 24, 1833, in
Eckernfoerde. The Schleswig-Holstein uprising against Denmark began on his
fifteenth birthday. Because he was too young for the people's army he served as
coachman during the war. Later he took up the miller's trade and made extensive
journeys through Germany. In the summer of 1857 he came to Davenport. He spent
the first years on a rented farm and then on his own in Princeton township. When
J.N. Rusch had built the windmill about five miles from Davenport on Dubuque
Road, he took over its management. The mill burned down in 1863 and Jacobsen
opened a business on the crossing of Locust and Border...[lines missing]... The
Turner Society had its first home here and other associations had their
quarters. Jacobsen set up a German stage for which he gathered and managed the
personnel, like the man of good education and organizational talent that he was.
In 1886 he retired from business, but till his death on July 25, 1913, he took a
very active part in public affairs, and especially those of the German
community. In all the associations of Northwest Davenport and several in
Davenport, in the old fire brigade and industrial complexes he held positions of
responsibility for many years. He was a member of the citizens' committee for
managing school elections independent of political parties for more than forty
years and for many years its chairman. He was a delegate of the German-American
Central Association, founder and president of the German Theater Society and the
German Pioneer Association of Scott County. He never ran for a paying position.
Northwest Davenport has retained its attractiveness to
the present day. In a lecture given several years ago about city beautification
E.K. Putnam called it a model, idyllic place, which "brings joy to the
visitor with its neat houses, lawns and flowerbeds in the gardens in front, the
flowers in the windows where even hoarfrost makes one feel cozy in
winter." It is, however, no rural, sleepy idyll that makes one
drowsy. It has a good number of lively business establishments and stores, and a
bank, and above all a very animated, joyous populace.